This review will focus on the trophic effects of GI hormones on nonneoplastic and neoplastic tissues. GI hormones may also serve as transmitting agents for nervous impulses discharged into blood vessels after nervous stimulation in a true neurocrine fashion. Although these hormones were initially described as solely endocrine products, subsequent studies have shown that they can act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to affect cellular function. These hormones are secreted by endocrine cells, which are widely distributed throughout the GI mucosa and pancreas. GASTROINTESTINAL (GI) HORMONES are chemical messengers that regulate intestinal and pancreatic function, including regulation of secretion, motility, absorption, digestion, and cell proliferation. Proliferation of Neoplastic Tissues by GI Hormonesįuture Perspectives and Therapeutic Implications Proliferation and Repair of Nonneoplastic Tissues by GI Hormones GI hormone receptors and signal transduction pathways GI hormone distribution, synthesis, and secretion
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